Rack XP – Planning, Programming, Budgeting, & Execution (PPBE)

Rack XP – Planning, Programming, Budgeting, & Execution (PPBE)

Aisle X — Resource Management

Library: Main Page — Professional Development (A) — Defense Enterprise (E) — Force Structure (F) — Modernization (M) — Personnel (P) — Readiness (R) — Special Enterprises (S) — Resource Management (X) — References (Z)

Resource Management (X): Annual Budget Requests (XB) — Military Spending & Cost Analysis (XC) — Financial Management & Stewardship (XF) — National Fiscal Process (XN) — Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Systems (XP)

Disclaimer: The inclusion of resources here is for informational, historical, and research purposes only and is provided as a service for US Army War College faculty, students, and graduates to support their educational and professional requirements. These may include outdated or superseded materials. The inclusion of these materials does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Army War College, the U.S. Army, or Department of Defense.

This rack contains resources pertaining to the Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) System at the defense and service levels. Currently the rack has only one shelf. Your input will be helpful!

Shelf XP.00 — General

This shelf contains resources pertaining to the PPBE System at the defense and service levels. This shelf is a stub. Please help out!

Faculty Publications:

Ferrari, John, Bob Bradford, and Tom Galvin, “Resourcing the Force: MG John Ferrari, Ret.,” How Should the Army Run? (series), WAR ROOM, June 6, 2023, https://warroom.armywarcollege.edu/podcasts/hstar-4/
Gellert, Fred. “Service Systems and Processes,” in Thomas P. Galvin (ed.), Defense Management: Primer for Senior Leaders, 1st edition (Carlisle, PA: Department of Command, Leadership, and Management, 2018), 77-83.
Bradford, Bob (ed.), “Army Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution Process,” in Yuengert, Lou (ed.), How the Army Runs: A Senior Leader Reference Guide, 2021-2022 edition (Fort Lee, VA: U.S. Army Force Management School and Carlisle, PA: Department of Command, Leadership, and Management, 2022), Chapter 8, https://warroom.armywarcollege.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021-2022_HTAR.pdf
Yuengert, Lou and Thomas P. Galvin, “Programming within DoD and the PPBES,” in Thomas P. Galvin (ed.), Defense Management: Primer for Senior Leaders, 1st edition (Carlisle, PA: Department of Command, Leadership, and Management, 2018), 49-55.

Laws, Policies, Memos, and Regulations (sorted by regulation number):

Army Regulation 1-1, Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution, May 23, 2016.
Army, Management Decision Package Guide, June 2010.
CJCS Instruction 8501.01B, Chairman of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff, Combatant Commanders, Chief, National Guard Bureau, and Joint Staff Participation in the Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution Process, August 21, 2012.
DoD Directive 7045.14, The Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution Process, January 25, 2013, incorporating Change 1, August 29, 2017.
Defense Acquisition University, Department of Defense Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Process / Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Process: An Executive Primer (Washington, DC: Defense Acquisition University): 2010 Version | 2012 Version | 2018 Version

Strategies and Reports:

Commission on PPBE Reform, Defense Resourcing for the Future, Final Report (Washington, DC: Commission on PPBE Reform, 2024).
- Commission on PPBE Report, Interim Report (Washington, DC: Commission on PPBE Reform, August 2023).
- Department of Defense, Implementation Plan for the Recommendations of the Commission on Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution Reform’s Interim Report (Washington, DC: December 14, 2023).
- Whitley, John, et al., Support for the Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Reform Commission (Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses, December 2023).
- Also available — two-page Fact Sheet
Cuda, Daniel L., Ronald E. Porten, David A. Drake, Arthur C. Yengling, and Charles V. Fletcher. Exploring a New Defense Resource Management System, IDA Paper P-3756 (Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses, 2023), https://www.dmi-ida.org/download-pdf/pdf/IDA_New%20Defense%20ResMgmtSyst_2003.pdf
McKernan, Megan, Stephanie Young, Ryan Consaul, et al., Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution in Comparative Organizations (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2024). Four volume set:
- Volume 1, Case Studies of Russia and China, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA2195-1.html
- Volume 2, Case Studies of Selected Allied and Partner Nations, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA2195-2.html
- Volume 3, Case Studies of Selected Non-DoD Federal Agencies, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA2195-3.html
- Volume 4, Executive Summary, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA2195-4.html
McGarry, Brendan W., Defense Primer: Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution (PPBE) Process, Report #IF10429 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service): December 2022 | December 2021 | January 2020
U.S. Air Force, Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution System: Reference Manual (Washington, DC: Department of Air Force, 2016).

Commentaries (inclusion does not represent endorsement):

Business Executives for National Security, “Framing the Problem of PPBS,” January 2000.
- Note: This report is open source but no longer available on web.
Hackler, George. Improving the United States Army’s PPBE Organization and Processes (strategy research project, Carlisle, PA: U.S. Army War College, 2017).
Jones, Lawrence R., and Jerry L. McCaffery. “Reform of the Planning, Programming, Budgeting System, and Management Control in the US Department of Defense: Insights from Budget Theory,” Public Budgeting & Finance 25, no. 3 (2005): 1-19, https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/47752
- Note: This is considered a work of the government according to the Naval Postgraduate School.
MacGregor, Matt, Greg Grant, and Pete Modigliani, Five First Steps to a Modern Defense Budgeting System (McLean, VA: MITRE Center for Data-Driven Policy, 2022), https://www.mitre.org/news-insights/publication/five-first-steps-modern-defense-budgeting-system
Scruggs, David (Principal Author). Beyond Goldwater-Nichols: An Annotated Brief — Department of Defense Acquisition and Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution System Reform, Phase III Report (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, August 2006), https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/bgnannotatedbrief.pdf
Shevin-Coatzee, Michelle, The Labyrinth Within: Reforming the Pentagon’s Budgeting Process (Washington, DC: Center for a New American Security, February 2016), https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/the-labyrinth-within-reforming-the-pentagons-budgeting-process
Sledge Jr., Nathaniel H., “Defense Spending: Today’s ‘Broken’ Budgeting Process Must Change,” National Defense, November 1, 2010, https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2010/11/1/2010november-defense-spending-todays-broken-budgeting-process-must-change
Tulkoff, Milton L., C. Vance Gordon, Rachel D. Dubin, and Wade P. Hinkle, Planning Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS) / Multi-Year Programming Reading Guide, Document D-4057 (Washington, DC: Institute for Defense Analyses, 2010).
Resource Management magazine:
- 1st Quarter 2006: Walsh, John. “Resource Management for National Security in a Nutshell,” 18-24.
- 2nd Quarter 2010: Walsh, John: “Army Business Enterprise Management Requires ‘Realpolitik’ Resource Management,” 14-15.

Title image credit: Defense Contract Management Agency graphic, public domain.