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Rack FM – Manning the Force
Aisle F — Force Structure
Library: Main Page — Professional Development (A) — Defense Enterprise (E) — Force Structure (F) — Modernization (M) — Personnel (P) — Readiness (R) — Special Enterprises (S) — Resource Management (X) — References (Z)
Force Structure (F): Force Strategy & Planning (FA) — Concepts and Doctrine (FC) — Force Development (FD) — Manning the Force (FM) — Organizing and Equipping the Force (FO) — Force Posture & Stationing (FP) — Roles and Missions (FR)
Disclaimer: The inclusion of resources here is for informational, historical, and research purposes only and is provided as a service for US Army War College faculty, students, and graduates to support their educational and professional requirements. These may include outdated or superseded materials. The inclusion of these materials does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Army War College, the U.S. Army, or Department of Defense.
This rack provides resources regarding the “spaces” in the human resource/talent management equation (for “faces,” see Aisle P). “Spaces” are the space allocations based on total end strength, plus the strategic questions of what to in-source and out-source.
This shelf provides resources on general constructs for the manning function (for “faces,” see Aisle P). “Spaces” are the space allocations based on total end strength, plus the strategic questions of what to in-source and out-source.
Faculty Publications:
- Bradford, Bob. “Manpower Categories and Considerations,” DM Faculty Paper FM-001.
Laws, Policies, Memos, and Regulations (sorted by regulation number):
- DoD Instruction 1100.22, Policy and Procedures for Determining Workforce Mix, Change 1, 2017.
- U.S. Air Force, “A Strategy Focused on Balance,” May 27, 2011.
- U.S. Marine Corps, Concepts & Programs: America’s Expeditionary Force in Readiness, 2013 version | 2011 version.
- U.S. Navy, Navy’s Total Force Vision for the 21st Century, January 2010.
Strategies and Reports:
- Barth, Thomas H., et al. Staffing for Cyberspace Operations, Paper P-5217 (Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses, April 2016).
- CRS, Military Forces: What is the Appropriate Size for the United States? Report #RS21754 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, January 2008).
- CRS, Definitions of “Inherently Governmental Function” in Federal Procurement Law and Guidance, Report #R42325 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, December 2014).
- CRS, The Army’s AimPoint Force Structure Initiative, Report #IF11542 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, August 2020).
- CRS, Defense Primer: The United States Air Force, Report #IF10547 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, October 2021), https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/IF10547.html
- CRS, Defense Primer: Cyberspace Operations, Report #IF10537 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, December 2021), https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=IF10537
- CRS, Defense Primer: Naval Forces, Report #IF10486 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, October 2021), https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/IF10486.html
- CRS, Defense Primer: The United States Space Force, Report #IF11495 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, January 2021), https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11495
- CRS, Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress, Report #RL32665 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, October 2021), https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL32665
- Department of Defense, Defense Manpower Requirements Report FY—- (Washington, DC: Department of Defense): FY2007 Report | FY2012 Report | FY2014 Report
- DiNapoli, Timothy J. HUMAN CAPITAL: Additional Steps Needed to Help Determine the Right Size and Composition of DOD’s Total Workforce, Report #GAO-13-470 (Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, 2013).
- Feickert, Andrew and Lawrence Kapp, Army Active Component (AC) / Reserve Component (RC) Force Mix: Considerations and Options for Congress, Report #43808 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, December 2014).
- Graham, David R. et al. Evolution of the Military’s Current Active-Reserve Force Mix, IDA Document D-4968 (Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses, August 2015), https://www.ida.org/research-and-publications/publications/all/e/ev/evolution-of-the-militarys-current-activereserve-force-mix
- Greenwood, Thomas C. (Project Leader). Revisiting the Criteria for Military Essentiality in Total Force Manpower Management (Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses, 2019).
- Institute for Defense Analyses, “Challenges in Cyberspace: The Human Dimension,” special edition, IDA Research Notes (November 2018), https://www.ida.org/-/media/feature/publications/i/id/ida-research-notes-challenges-in-cyberspace-the-human-dimension/ida-research-notes-challenges-in-cyberspace-the-human-dimension.ashx
- Benjamin Jensen, “The Rest of the Story: Evaluating the U.S. Marine Corps Force Design 2030,” War on the Rocks, April 27, 2020, https://warontherocks.com/2020/04/the-rest-of-the-story-evaluating-the-u-s-marine-corps-force-design-2030/
- Manuel, Kate M., L. Elaine Halchin, and Erika K. Lunder, Performance of Inherently Governmental and Critical Functions: The Obama Administration’s Final Policy Letter, Report #R42039 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, October 2011), https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R42039.html
- Pendleton, John. DEFENSE STRATEGY: Revised Analytic Approach Needed to Support Force Structure Decision-Making, Report #GAO-19-385 (Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, 2019).
- Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan, Transforming Wartime Contracting: Controlling Costs, Reducing Risks, August 2011.
- Stewart, Derek B. DOD PERSONNEL: DoD Actions Needed to Strengthen Civilian Human Capital Strategic Planning and Integration with Military Personnel and Sourcing Decisions, Report #GAO-03-475 (Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, 2003).
- Stewart, Derek B. MILITARY PERSONNEL Reserve Components Need Guidance to Accurately and Consistently Account for Volunteers on Active Duty for Operational Support, Report #GAO-07-93 (Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, 2007).
- St. Laurent, Janet. MILITARY PERSONNEL: DOD Needs to Conduct a Data- Driven Analysis of Active Military Personnel Levels Required to Implement the Defense Strategy, Report #GAO-05-200 (Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, 2005).
Commentaries (inclusion does not represent endorsement):
- Donley, Michael B. “A Strategy Focused on Balance,” U.S. Air Force, May 18, 2011, https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Speeches-Archive/Display/Article/143853/a-strategy-focused-on-balance/
This shelf is the first of several that will contain resources pertaining to a service’s or component’s manning strategies.
Faculty Publications:
- DCLM, Reserve Component Call-Up Procedures: A Primer, 2007. Available on Request.
Laws, Policies, Memos, and Regulations (sorted by regulation number):
- Army Force Management School, Reserve Components of the United States Military – Reserve Components of the United States Army, 2006.
Strategies and Reports:
- Kapp, Lawrence. Reserve Component Personnel Issues: Questions and Answers, Report #RL30802 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service): January 2006 Version | March 2008 Version
Title image credit: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command and Joint Concepts Library, public domain.
Force Structure (F): Force Strategy & Planning (FA) — Concepts and Doctrine (FC) — Force Development (FD) — Manning the Force (FM) — Organizing and Equipping the Force (FO) — Force Posture & Stationing (FP) — Roles and Missions (FR)
Library: Main Page — Professional Development (A) — Defense Enterprise (E) — Force Structure (F) — Modernization (M) — Personnel (P) — Readiness (R) — Special Enterprises (S) — Resource Management (X) — References (Z)