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Rack MA – Acquisition Frameworks & Reform
Aisle M — Modernization
Library: Main Page — Professional Development (A) — Defense Enterprise (E) — Force Structure (F) — Modernization (M) — Personnel (P) — Readiness (R) — Special Enterprises (S) — Resource Management (X) — References (Z)
Modernization (M): Acquisition Frameworks (MA) — Capabilities Development (MC) — Defense Industrial Base (MD) — Program Management (MP) — Requirements Development (MR) — Science & Technology (MS) — Research, Development, Test, & Evaluation (MT) — Major Weapons Systems (MW)
Disclaimer: The inclusion of resources here is for informational, historical, and research purposes only and is provided as a service for US Army War College faculty, students, and graduates to support their educational and professional requirements. These may include outdated or superseded materials. The inclusion of these materials does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Army War College, the U.S. Army, or Department of Defense.
This rack provides resources on how the Department of Defense (DoD) systematically develops and delivers new warfighting capabilities to the Combatant Commands. An important supporting effort of this process is how the DoD prioritizes, funds and manages Science and Technology (S&T) development. For many years, the DoD’s stakeholders have been very frustrated by the slow pace and high cost of developing, procuring and delivering new materiel solutions. Acquisition reform efforts in Congress and the DoD have oscillated between increased oversight in an effort to reduce program costs and risks and more decentralized control of acquisition programs to give leaders more flexibility to streamline and tailor their programs to try to speed up the acquisition process. Although there are many high-profile examples of failed DoD acquisition programs, including the Army’s Future Combat Systems (FCS) and the Comanche helicopter program, the Defense Acquisition System (DAS) has been effective at providing some of the best military materiel the world has seen. The challenge we now face is how to maintain this technical edge and superiority on the future battlefield against potential near-peer adversaries who are investing heavily to challenge the US’s dominance in many areas of technology and overall military capability.
There have been significant changes in recent years in the way the DoD and the Army develop and deliver materiel solutions. The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) has established the Adaptive Acquisition Framework (AAF) with six distinct pathways designed to better suit the development of different categories of systems. The Army has established the Army Futures Command to focus on how the Army will fight in the future and to lead the Army Modernization Enterprise (AME). Congress has both driven and underwritten these and other initiatives, playing an active role in prescribing specific changes, such as the establishment of the Middle Tier of Acquisition (MTA) pathway to rapidly develop and deliver prototypes, and in authorizing the Secretary of Defense to waive some acquisition laws in order to deliver vital national security capabilities.
This shelf contains general resources on on theories of acquisition and acquisition systems, their development and implementation, and associated transformation efforts. The rack will include shelves for each of the service acquisition strategies.
Faculty Publications:
- Yuengert, Lou, Tom Galvin, and Jeff Wilson, Acquisition and the Defense Acquisition System, 2022. Available on request.
- Ambrose, Matt. “Overview of the Defense Acquisition System,” DAU media, March 20, 2017, video, 15:05, https://media.dau.edu/media/Defense+Acquisition+System+Overview/0_e1trktnq
Laws, Policies, Memos, and Regulations (sorted by regulation number):
- DoD Directive 5000.1, The Defense Acquisition System: 2003 Version | Change 2 (2018)
- DoD Directive 5000.02, Operation of the Adaptive Acquisition Framework: 2022 (Change 1) | 2020 Version
- DoD Directive 5000.02, Operation of the Defense Acquisition System: 2003 Version | 2008 Version | 2015 Version | 2017 Version (Change 3)
- DoD Directive 5000.71, Rapid Fulfillment of Combatant Commander Urgent Operational Needs and Other Quick Action Requirements, October 2022.
- DoD Directive 5000.75, Business System Requirements and Acquisition, Change 2, 2020.
- DoD Directive 5000.80, Operation of the Middle Tier of Acquisition, December 2019.
- DoD Directive 8115.01, Information Technology Portfolio Management, October 2005.
- DoD Directive 8115.02, Information Technology Portfolio Management Implementation, October 2006.
- USD(AT&L), Better Buying Power, white paper, September 2014.
- USD(AT&L), “Middle Tier of Acquisition (Rapid Prototyping/Rapid Fielding) Interim Governance 2,” March 2019.
- NGA (National Geospatial Intelligence Agency), The NGA Software Way, 2022.
Strategies and Reports:
- Brandt, Linda S. and Francis W. A’Hearn, “The Sisyphus Paradox: Framing the Acquisition Reform Debate,” Joint Force Quarterly 16 (Summer 1997): 34-38, https://ndupress.ndu.edu/portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-16.pdf
- Brown, Bradford. Introduction to Defense Acquisition Management, 10th ed. (Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Acquisition University, 2010).
- Brown, Shannon A. (ed.). Providing the Means of War: Perspectives on Defense Acquisition 1945-2000 (Washington, DC: Center for Military History, 2005).
- Defense Acquisition University, Defense Acquisition Guidebook (Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Acquisition University):
- Permalink to current edition: https://www.dau.edu/tools/dag
- 2010 Edition available here
- Defense Acquisition University, “General Acquisition Process (Pre-Tailoring): Acquisition Decision Points and Phases” (wall chart, Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Acquisition University, 2014).
- Defense Acquisition University, “Integrated Defense Acquisition, Technology, & Logistics Life Cycle Management Framework” (wall chart, Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Acquisition University, 2005).
- Defense Acquisition University, Systems Engineering Fundamentals (Fort Belvior, VA: Defense Acquisition University Press, 2001).
- Department of Defense, Report to Congress: Defense Acquisition Transformation (Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 2007).
- Department of Defense, Report to Congress: Restructuring the Department of Defense Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics Organization and Chief Management Officer Organization (Washington, DC: Department of Defense, August 2017).
- Dunn, Christian. “Imaginative Innovation in Federal Acquisition,” Strategic Institute, September 24, 2022, https://strategicinstitute.org/other-transactions/imaginiative-innovation/
- Etherton, Jon, et al., Stepping Back from Acquisition Reform: How Our Resourcing Processes Drive Defense Outcomes (Washington, DC: National Defense Industrial Association, 2021), https://www.ndia.org/-/media/sites/policy-issues/acquisition-reform/ndia_acquisition_reform-final3.pdf
- Fox, J. Ronald. Defense Acquisition Reform 1960-2009: An Elusive Goal (Washington, DC: Center for Military History, 2011).
- Kadish, Ronald (chairman). Defense Acquisition Performance Assessment, A Report by the Assessment Panel of the Defense Acquisition Performance Assessment Project (Washington, DC: Office of the Deputy Secretary of Defense, January 2006).
- Lofgren, Eric et al., Commission on Defense Innovation Adoption, Interim Report (Washington, DC: Atlantic Council, 2023), https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/atlantic-council-commission-on-defense-innovation-adoption-interim-report/
- Name Redacted, Acquisition Reform in the FY2016-FY2018 National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs), Report #R45068 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2018).
- Schwartz, Moshe. Defense Acquisitions: How DoD Acquires Weapon Systems and Recent Efforts to Reform the Process, Report #RL34026 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2014).
- Sullivan, Michael J., DEFENSE ACQUISITIONS: Perspectives on Potential Changes to Department of Defense Acquisition Management Framework, Testimony #GAO-09-295R (Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, 2009).
- Section 809 Panel (Drabkin, David A., chair). Report of the Advisory Panel on Streamlining and Codifying Acquisition Regulations (Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Acquisition University, June 2018), https://discover.dtic.mil/section-809-panel/
Commentaries (inclusion does not represent endorsement):
- Babbitt, Joel and Donald Schlomer, “The Need for Speed,” Army AL&T (Spring 2019): 33-37, https://asc.army.mil/docs/pubs/alt/archives/2019/2019_Spring_ArmyALT.pdf
- Buhrkuhl, Robert L., “When the Warfighter Needs It Now,” Defense AT&L (November-December 2006): 28-30.
- Carter, Ashton B. “Running the Pentagon Right: How to Get the Troops What They Need,” Foreign Affairs 93, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 101-112, ProQuest
- Cooper, Jim and Russell Rumbaugh, “Real Acquisition Reform,” Joint Force Quarterly 55 (4th Quarter 2009): 59-65, https://ndupress.ndu.edu/portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-55.pdf#page=61
- Ferguson, Jan. “Buying American: The Berry Amendment,” Defense AT&L (March-April 2006): 26-28.
- Lane, Jarrett and Michelle Johnson, “Failures of Imagination: The Military’s Biggest Acquisition Challenge,” War on the Rocks, April 3, 2018, https://warontherocks.com/2018/04/failures-of-imagination-the-militarys-biggest-acquisition-challenge/
- Miller, Adam. “It’s Time to Let Go: Acquisition Divestiture,” WAR ROOM, July 20, 2021, https://warroom.armywarcollege.edu/podcasts/divest/
- Modigliani, Pete, Dan Ward and Matt MacGregor, “Get to Know the Middle Tier of Awesome…Er, Acquisition,” Defense One, 12 September 2022, https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2022/09/get-know-middle-tier-awesomeer-acquisition/377017/
- Mortlock, Robert F., “The Adaptive Acquisition Framework: Continuous Process Improvement,” Defense Acquisition (November-December 2023): 21-23.
- Schultz, Brian. “Please Tailor Your Acquisition Strategy!” Defense AT&L (March-April 2008): 33-36, https://www.dau.edu/library/defense-atl/blog/Please-Tailor–Your-Acquisition-Strategy!
- Thomsen, James, N. Ross Thompson III, and Mark D. Shackelford, “The Future of Acquisition Excellence,” Army AL&T (October-December 2009): 2-17.
- Ward, Dan. “Acquisition Reform … for Real,” Armed Forces Journal, April 2012, http://armedforcesjournal.com/acquisition-reform-for-real/
This shelf is focused on the service specific acquisition frameworks, strategies, processes, and transformation efforts of the Army.
Faculty Publications:
- None.
Laws, Policies, Memos, and Regulations (sorted by regulation number):
- Army Directive 2017-24, “Cross-Functional Team Pilot in Support of Materiel Development,” October 2017.
- Army Directive 2020-15, “Achieving Persistent Modernization,” November 2020.
- Army Directive 2022-07, “Army Modernization Roles and Responsibilities,” 2022.
- Army Regulation 70-1, Army Operation of the Adaptive Acquisition Framework, 2023.
- Formerly Army Acquisition Policy: 2011 Version | 2018 Version
- Army Pamphlet 70-3, Army Acquisition Procedures, 2018.
- Army General Order 2018-10, Establishment of the US Army Futures Command, 2018.
- Army General Order 2020-15, Achieving Persistent Modernization, 2020.
- Milley, Mark A. and McCarthy, Ryan D., “Army Acquisition Reform,” memorandum, September 2017.
- Milley, Mark A. and McCarthy, Ryan D., “Modernization Priority for the United States Army,” memorandum, October 2017.
Strategies and Reports:
- Army, Modernizing the Brigade Combat Teams (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2009).
- Army, Army Strong: Equipped, Trained, and Ready, Final Report of the 2010 Army Acquisition Review (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2011).
- Army, 2008 Army Modernization Strategy (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2008): Cover page | Main Document | Annex A | Annex B
- Army, 2010 Army Modernization Strategy (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2010).
- Army, 2012 Army Modernization Strategy (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2012).
- Army, 2019 Army Modernization Strategy: Investing in the Future (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2019).
- Army, 2021 Army Modernization Strategy: Investing in the Future (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2021).
- Army, 2013 Army Equipment Modernization Strategy (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2013).
- Army, 2014 Army Equipment Modernization Plan (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2013).
- Army G-8, Army Modernization White Paper (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2009).
- Army G-8, Affordable and Integrated Army Equipment Modernization White Paper (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2012).
- Army Futures Command, Command Brief: Creating a New Culture of Innovation (presentation, Austin, TX: U.S. Army Futures Command, 2019).
- Brescia, Joseph A., Trust, Transformation, and Modernization (Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Acquisition University, 2020).
Commentaries (inclusion does not represent endorsement):
- “Experimentation,” special issue, Army AT&L (July-September 2018).
- “Modernization,” special issue, Army AT&L (April-June 2018).
- McConville, James, interview by Jen Judson, “State of the Army Heading into AUSA 2022,” 7 October 2022, in Defense News Webcast, video, https://www.defensenews.com/video/2022/10/07/state-of-the-army-heading-into-ausa-2022/
This shelf is focused on the service specific acquisition frameworks, strategies, processes, and transformation efforts of the Navy.
Faculty Publications:
- None.
Laws, Policies, Memos, and Regulations (sorted by regulation number):
- None.
Strategies and Reports:
- SECNAVINST, 5000.2, Department of the Navy Implementation and Operation of the Defense Acquisition System and the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System: Version G (2022) | Version F (2019) | Version E (2011)
- ASN(RD&A), DoN Acquisition and Capabilities Guidebook, May 2012.
Commentaries (inclusion does not represent endorsement):
- None.
Title image credit: From Department of Defense Instruction 5000.02, public domain..
Modernization (M): Acquisition Frameworks (MA) — Capabilities Development (MC) — Defense Industrial Base (MD) — Program Management (MP) — Requirements Development (MR) — Science & Technology (MS) — Research, Development, Test, & Evaluation (MT) — Major Weapons Systems (MW)
Library: Main Page — Professional Development (A) — Defense Enterprise (E) — Force Structure (F) — Modernization (M) — Personnel (P) — Readiness (R) — Special Enterprises (S) — Resource Management (X) — References (Z)